Charpy impact bending test
Definition: The Charpy impact bending test is a dynamic testing method for determining the toughness of a material under impact loading. A standardised notched specimen is broken by a pendulum in a sudden impact, with the absorbed impact energy being measured. The procedure is regulated in DIN EN ISO 148-1.
Practical relevance: The determined impact energy (e.g. KV in joules) serves to assess the transition behaviour from ductile to brittle (brittle fracture transition temperature). The test is particularly relevant for pressure equipment, structural steelwork and low-temperature applications. Test temperature, specimen shape (V- or U-notch) and orientation relative to the rolling direction significantly influence the result.
Decision-making perspectives:
- Technical decision-makers: Assessment of low-temperature toughness and selection of suitable materials.
- Purchasing/project management: Specification of required minimum impact energies at defined temperatures.
- Science: Investigation of brittle fracture mechanisms and microstructural influences.
- Insurance/law: Demonstration of sufficient toughness in failure cases relevant to brittle fracture.
Typical testing or verification methods: Charpy V-notch test, temperature series testing, fracture surface analysis in the SEM.
FAQ:
- Why is the Charpy impact bending test carried out at low temperatures?
- To determine the susceptibility to brittle fracture and the transition temperature of the material.
