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Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

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Definition: Non-destructive testing (NDT) comprises testing methods for detecting defects or inhomogeneities in materials and components without damaging them. The aim is to assess integrity during manufacture or operation. Qualification requirements for personnel are governed by DIN EN ISO 9712.

Practical relevance: Typical methods are ultrasonic testing (UT), radiography (RT), magnetic particle testing (MT), penetrant testing (PT) and visual testing (VT). They identify cracks, pores, inclusions or wall thickness losses. NDT is central to pressure equipment, welded structures and safety-relevant plants.

Decision-making perspectives:

  • Technical decision-makers: Ensuring component integrity and early defect detection.
  • Purchasing/project management: Definition of inspection classes, scopes and documentation requirements.
  • Science: Assessment of detection limits and comparison of different testing methods.
  • Insurance/law: Evidence of proper testing in the context of safety and liability matters.

Typical testing or verification methods: UT, RT, MT, PT, VT, eddy current testing (ET), wall thickness measurement.

FAQ:

  • When is NDT preferable to destructive testing?
  • When components have to be tested in their installed state or safety-relevant components have to be assessed without damage.
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