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Metallography

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Metallography

Definition: Metallography is the preparative and microscopic examination of the microstructure of metallic materials. The aim is to analyse grain size, phase distribution, precipitates and defects. It forms the basis for assessing material conditions and failure mechanisms.

Practical relevance: The procedure comprises sampling, mounting, grinding, polishing and etching, as well as examination using a light microscope or scanning electron microscope (SEM). Items assessed include grain size according to DIN EN ISO 643, weld seam microstructure, decarburisation and crack initiation. Metallography is central to failure analysis, heat treatment testing and quality assurance.

Decision-making perspectives:

  • Technical decision-makers: Assessment of microstructure quality, heat treatment and manufacturing parameters.
  • Purchasing/project management: Verification of specification-compliant material conditions.
  • Science: Microstructure analysis and correlation with mechanical properties.
  • Insurance/law: Microscopic verification of material-related failure causes.

Typical testing or verification methods: Specimen preparation, microstructure etching, light microscopy, SEM, EBSD, hardness testing.

FAQ:

  • Why is etching necessary in metallography?
  • Etching makes microstructural constituents and grain boundaries visible that are not discernible in the polished condition.
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