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Materials Analysis

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Definition: Materials analysis is the systematic investigation of the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of a material. It serves to verify specification conformity as well as to determine the causes of failure. The analysis combines spectroscopic, microscopic and mechanical testing methods.

Practical relevance: Typical methods are spectral analysis (OES, XRF), metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), hardness testing as well as tensile or impact testing. Alloying elements are assessed in accordance with the material standard (e.g. EN 10025, ASTM), grain size according to DIN EN ISO 643, phase fractions and characteristic values such as strength or toughness. The results are central to quality control, PMI and failure investigation.

Decision-making perspectives:

  • Technical decision-makers: Verification of material conditions, heat treatment and microstructure quality.
  • Purchasing/project management: Comparison with technical delivery conditions and test certificates (EN 10204).
  • Science: Correlation of microstructure, composition and mechanical behaviour.
  • Insurance/law: Court-proof evidence of material deviations or failure mechanisms.

Typical testing or verification methods: OES, XRF, SEM/EDX, metallography, hardness testing, tensile test, notched bar impact test.

FAQ:

  • When is a materials analysis required?
  • In the case of quality deviations, failures or to verify the material specification at incoming goods inspection.
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