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Hardness testing

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Definition: Hardness testing is a mechanical testing method for determining the resistance of a material to the penetration of an indenter. Depending on the method, the hardness is calculated from the size of the indentation or the indentation depth. Common standards are DIN EN ISO 6506 (Brinell), 6507 (Vickers) and 6508 (Rockwell).

Practical relevance: Hardness is an indirect parameter for strength, wear resistance and heat treatment condition. It is suitable for incoming goods inspections, weld seam assessments and component checks. Influencing factors are the test force, dwell time, surface condition and microstructure inhomogeneity. Permissible hardness ranges are bindingly specified in many material standards.

Decision-making perspectives:

  • Technical decision-makers: Checking of heat treatment, case hardening or microstructure homogeneity.
  • Purchasing/project management: Specification of permissible hardness values in orders and acceptance criteria.
  • Science: Correlation between hardness, microstructure and tensile strength.
  • Insurance/law: Documented verification of material properties in the event of quality deviations.

Typical testing or verification methods: Vickers hardness testing (HV), Brinell hardness testing (HBW), Rockwell hardness testing (HRC, HRB), portable hardness testing.

FAQ:

  • Why is hardness often tested instead of tensile strength?
  • Hardness testing is faster, usually minimally destructive and allows an indirect estimate of the strength.
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